Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.
Passage
Organisations are institutions in which members compete for status and power. They compete for the resources of the organisation, e.g, finance to expand their own departments, for career advancement and for power to control the activities of others.In pursuit of these aims, groups are formed and sectional intersts emerge.As a result, policy decision may serve the ends of the political and carrier systems rather than those of the concern. In this way, the goals of the organisation may be displaced in favour of sectional interests and individual ambition. These preoccupations sometimes prevent the emergence of organic systems. Many of the electronics firms in their study had recently created research and development departments employing a highly qualified and well paid scientists and technicians. Their high pay and expert knowledge were sometimes seen as a threat to the established order of rank, power and privilege.Many senior managers had little knowledge of the technicalities and possibilities of new development and electronics.Some felt that close cooperation with the experts in an organic system would reveal the ignorance and show that their experience was now redundant.
18.Policy decision in organization would involve
